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Screenplay: Imports and Idioms

Verified against Serenity 5.4.1 (Playwright modules: 5.3.11, the latest published). The examples at the end of this page compile and their tests pass.

Screenplay works with Selenium, Playwright and REST, with JUnit 5 or Cucumber. All of these are valid. Pick the one the user asked for or the project already uses, and don't mix them in one project.

1. Where things live​

The packages are not guessable. Guessing them is the most common cause of compile errors.

Core (all Screenplay projects), artifact serenity-screenplay​

ClassPackage
Actor, Task, Performable, Question, Interaction, Ability, Consequence, Tasks, RememberThatnet.serenitybdd.screenplay
GivenWhenThen (seeThat)net.serenitybdd.screenplay (use as a static import)
OnStage, OnlineCast, Cast, Stagenet.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors
CastMembernet.serenitybdd.screenplay.annotations
Check (conditional tasks)net.serenitybdd.screenplay.conditions
Wait, WaitUntilnet.serenitybdd.screenplay.waits

Selenium, artifact serenity-screenplay-webdriver​

ClassPackage
BrowseTheWebnet.serenitybdd.screenplay.abilities
Open, Click, Enter, Hit, Clear, Hover, Scroll, SelectFromOptionsnet.serenitybdd.screenplay.actions
Targetnet.serenitybdd.screenplay.targets. Target.the("name").locatedBy("..") takes a String. Serenity treats the string as XPath if it compiles as an XPath expression, otherwise as CSS. So .new-todo, #id, [data-test=x] and li label are CSS, but a tag-prefixed selector such as input.new-todo, button or h1 is read as XPath and finds nothing. For those use Target.the("name").located(By.cssSelector("input.new-todo")) (or a leading ./#, or an explicit //input[...]).
Text, TextContent, Value, Attribute, Visibility, Presence, Enabled, Disabled, SelectedValue, CurrentVisibility, WebElementQuestionnet.serenitybdd.screenplay.questions

Ensure for web is in artifact serenity-ensure: net.serenitybdd.screenplay.ensure.Ensure.

Playwright, artifact serenity-screenplay-playwright​

Everything lives under net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright:

ClassPackage
BrowseTheWebWithPlaywright...playwright.abilities
PlaywrightCast (use instead of OnlineCast)...playwright.actors
Open, Click, Enter, Press, Navigate, Check, Hover, WaitFor ......playwright.interactions
Text, Visibility, Count, Attribute ......playwright.questions
Ensure...playwright.assertions
Target...playwright.Target

Playwright locators are plain Playwright selector strings (".new-todo", "text='Delete'") or a Playwright Target.

Playwright classes that exist (all take a selector string or a Target):

KindClasses and entry points
Interactions (...playwright.interactions)Open.url(..), Navigate, Click.on(..), DoubleClick, RightClick, Hover.over(..), Enter.theValue(..).into(..), Press.keys("Enter"), Clear, Focus, Check.the(..), Uncheck.checkbox(..), SelectFromOptions.byVisibleText(..) / .byValue(..) / .byIndex(..) then .from(selector), Upload, Drag, ScrollIntoView, WaitFor.selector(..)
Questions (...playwright.questions)Text.of(..), Text.ofEach(..) (List<String>), Value.of(..), SelectedOptionText.of(..), Checked.of(..), Visibility.of(..), Presence, Absence, Count.of(..), Attribute, Enabled, Disabled, AllOptionTexts
Assertions (...playwright.assertions.Ensure)Ensure.that(selector).isVisible() / isHidden() / hasText(..) / containsText(..) / hasValue(..) / isChecked() / hasCount(n) / hasAttribute(n, v)

Don't use Ensure.thatTheCurrentUrl() or Ensure.thatThePageTitle(): they return package-private classes, and any call on them fails to compile ("UrlEnsure.contains(java.lang.String) is defined in an inaccessible class or interface"; run in the verification script in the serenity-core repository (docs/ai/skill)). To check the URL, assert on the page: assertThat(BrowseTheWebWithPlaywright.as(actor).getCurrentPage().url()).contains("/catalog") (after attemptsTo(..), in the test body), or better, check something the user sees on the new page (Ensure.that("h1").hasText("Catalog")).

A selector must match exactly one element for WaitFor.selector, Click.on, Enter, Ensure.that(..).hasText(..) and Text.of(..) (Playwright's strict mode). A selector that matches a list ("#books .book" with five rows) fails at run time with strict mode violation: ... resolved to 5 elements. For a list: wait on the first row ("#books .book >> nth=0"), count with Ensure.that("#books .book").hasCount(5), read all texts with Text.ofEach(..), pick one with ">> nth=0" or ">> nth=-1" (last), or narrow with has-text/text-is ("tr.book:has(td.title:text-is('Refactoring'))"). sp-playwright/todo/ListTest.java runs these.

Don't build a Playwright text pattern with Pattern.quote(..). Playwright sends the pattern to the browser's JavaScript engine, which doesn't understand Java's \Q..\E, so setHasText(Pattern.compile("^\\s*" + Pattern.quote(title) + "\\s*$")) matches nothing and the step times out after 30 seconds (two Opus runs). Use the plain string (setHasText(title) matches by substring, ignoring case; text-is('..') / has-text('..') in a selector string match exactly or by substring), or write the pattern by hand (Pattern.compile("^\\s*Clean Code\\s*$")). Run in the verification script in the serenity-core repository (docs/ai/skill).

In a Playwright selector string a role needs the prefix: "role=heading[name=\"Sign in\"]"; without role= it throws InvalidSelectorError (run in the verification script in the serenity-core repository (docs/ai/skill)).

Playwright has no net.serenitybdd.screenplay.ensure.Ensure and no Target from net.serenitybdd.screenplay.targets: use the Playwright ones. See sp-playwright/todo/FormTest.java.

REST, artifact serenity-screenplay-rest​

ClassPackage
CallAnApinet.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.abilities
Get, Post, Delete, Ensure ...net.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.interactions
LastResponse, TheResponsenet.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.questions

Shared across all styles​

ClassPackage
@Managed, @Step, @Steps, @DefaultUrl, @WithTag ...net.serenitybdd.annotations (never net.thucydides.core.annotations)
SerenityJUnit5Extensionnet.serenitybdd.junit5
ScenarioSteps (Page Objects)net.thucydides.core.steps (this one is correct under net.thucydides)

2. Common mistakes​

WrongRight
import net.serenitybdd.rest.abilities.* or net.serenitybdd.rest.questions.* for Screenplay REST (those packages don't exist)net.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.abilities.CallAnApi, ...rest.questions.LastResponse
Target.the("x").locatedBy(By.id("x"))locatedBy("#x"), a String; for a By use located(By.id("x"))
locatedBy("input.new-todo") (tag-prefixed CSS; read as XPath, element not found at run time)located(By.cssSelector("input.new-todo")) or locatedBy(".new-todo")
Two public classes in one file, or a class name different from its file nameOne public class per file, and the file name equals the class name
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.webdriver.BrowseTheWeb (package doesn't exist)net.serenitybdd.screenplay.abilities.BrowseTheWeb
Question<List<String>> returned from Text.ofEach(target) (Selenium)Question<Collection<String>>. Playwright's Text.ofEach returns List<String>
.viewedBy(actor) on Text/Value/Visibility...actor.asksFor(Text.of(target)) or Text.of(target).answeredBy(actor). .viewedBy is the old API
net.thucydides.core.annotations.DefaultUrl (and Step, Managed)net.serenitybdd.annotations.*
JUnit 4 @RunWith(SerenityRunner.class) in a JUnit 5 project@ExtendWith(SerenityJUnit5Extension.class)
Moving ScenarioSteps to net.serenitybdd...net.thucydides.core.steps.ScenarioSteps
OnlineCast in the wrong packagenet.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnlineCast
@Page annotationDoesn't exist. In Page Object tests use @Steps for step libraries and extend PageObject for pages
Instrumented as a classTasks.instrumented(MyTask.class, args) (static method), or prefer Task.where(..)
Ensure.thatTheCurrentUrl().contains(..) or Ensure.thatThePageTitle() (Playwright)Doesn't compile (package-private return types). Assert on BrowseTheWebWithPlaywright.as(actor).getCurrentPage().url() or on visible page content
WaitFor.selector("#books .book") or Ensure.that("#books .book").hasText(..) where the selector matches several rows"#books .book >> nth=0", or hasCount(n), or Text.ofEach(..)
Navigate from a Selenium packageSelenium: Open.url(..). Navigate exists only in Playwright

3. Minimal working patterns​

The source files are under `` and are compile-checked. Names are the same across styles so you can compare them.

StyleFilesKey points
Screenplay + Selenium + JUnit 5sp-selenium/todo/*@ExtendWith(SerenityJUnit5Extension.class), @Managed(driver="chrome") WebDriver, OnStage.setTheStage(new OnlineCast()), OnStage.theActorCalled("Toby"), Task.where(..), Target.the(..).locatedBy(..), seeThat(question, matcher) or Ensure.that(..)
Screenplay + Playwright + JUnit 5sp-playwright/todo/* (todo list, form with select and checkbox)new PlaywrightCast(), string selectors, Press.keys("Enter"), Ensure.that(selector).hasText(..)
Screenplay + REST + JUnit 5sp-rest/api/*Actor.named(..).whoCan(CallAnApi.at(baseUrl)), Get.resource(..), Post.to(..).with(request -> ...), LastResponse.received()
Cucumber + Screenplaycuke-sp/*@Suite + @IncludeEngines("cucumber") + @SelectClasspathResource("features"), plugin net.serenitybdd.cucumber.core.plugin.SerenityReporterParallel, a {actor} @ParameterType, @Before that sets the stage

Rules of thumb​

  • Use Task.where("{0} does something", step1, step2) for tasks. Use a class with performAs only when the task needs real logic.
  • actor.attemptsTo(..) for actions. actor.should(seeThat(..)) or Ensure for checks.
  • Keep locators in a Target holder class (Selenium) or constants (Playwright).
  • Build tasks and questions with a static factory (AddATodo.called("Buy milk")) so the test reads like a sentence.

4. Not yet verified​

  • Ensure for web has several overloads. Only that(Target).hasText(..) is compile-tested.
  • Page Objects (Selenium and Playwright) are covered in page-objects.md, not here.
  • The examples were run once against the live sample sites with Serenity 5.4.1 (Playwright modules 5.3.11). Other sites and larger suites may behave differently.
  • serenity-screenplay-playwright is documented at 5.3.11, not 5.4.x.

Examples​

These files compile against Serenity 5.4.1 (Playwright examples: 5.3.11).

sp-selenium/todo/AddATodo.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Performable;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Task;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actions.Enter;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

public class AddATodo {
    public static Performable called(String item) {
        return Task.where("{0} adds a todo called " + item,
                Enter.theValue(item).into(TodoList.NEW_TODO).thenHit(Keys.ENTER));
    }
}

sp-selenium/todo/AddTodoTest.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.annotations.Managed;
import net.serenitybdd.junit5.SerenityJUnit5Extension;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actions.Open;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnStage;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnlineCast;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.ensure.Ensure;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.seeThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasItem;

@ExtendWith(SerenityJUnit5Extension.class)
class AddTodoTest {

    @Managed(driver = "chrome")
    WebDriver browser;

    @BeforeEach
    void setTheStage() {
        OnStage.setTheStage(new OnlineCast());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldShowTheNewTodo() {
        var toby = OnStage.theActorCalled("Toby");
        toby.attemptsTo(
                Open.url("https://todo-app.serenity-js.org"),
                AddATodo.called("Buy milk"));
        toby.should(seeThat(TheTodos.displayed(), hasItem("Buy milk")));
    }

    @Test
    void shouldShowTheNewTodoUsingEnsure() {
        var toby = OnStage.theActorCalled("Toby");
        toby.attemptsTo(
                Open.url("https://todo-app.serenity-js.org"),
                AddATodo.called("Buy milk"),
                Ensure.that(TodoList.ITEMS).hasText("Buy milk"));
    }
}

sp-selenium/todo/TheTodos.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Question;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.questions.Text;

import java.util.Collection;

public class TheTodos {
    // Text.ofEach(..) is a Question<Collection<String>> - not List<String>
    public static Question<Collection<String>> displayed() {
        return Text.ofEach(TodoList.ITEMS);
    }
}

sp-selenium/todo/TodoList.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.targets.Target;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;

public class TodoList {
    // locatedBy(String) treats a string as XPath whenever it compiles as one, so a CSS selector such as
    // "input.new-todo" (a valid XPath name) is NOT found. Use located(By.cssSelector(..)) for those.
    public static final Target NEW_TODO = Target.the("new todo field").located(By.cssSelector("input.new-todo"));
    public static final Target ITEMS = Target.the("todo items").locatedBy(".todo-list li label");
}

sp-playwright/todo/AddTodoTest.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.junit5.SerenityJUnit5Extension;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Performable;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Task;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnStage;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.actors.PlaywrightCast;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.assertions.Ensure;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.Enter;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.Open;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.Press;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.questions.Text;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;

import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.seeThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasItem;

@ExtendWith(SerenityJUnit5Extension.class)
class AddTodoTest {

    static final String NEW_TODO = ".new-todo";
    static final String ITEMS = ".todo-list li label";

    static Performable addATodo(String item) {
        return Task.where("{0} adds a todo called " + item,
                Enter.theValue(item).into(NEW_TODO),
                Press.keys("Enter"));
    }

    @BeforeEach
    void setTheStage() {
        OnStage.setTheStage(new PlaywrightCast());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldShowTheNewTodo() {
        var toby = OnStage.theActorCalled("Toby");
        toby.attemptsTo(
                Open.url("https://todo-app.serenity-js.org"),
                addATodo("Buy milk"),
                Ensure.that(ITEMS).hasText("Buy milk"));
        // Playwright's Text.ofEach(..) is a Question<List<String>> (Selenium's is Collection<String>)
        toby.should(seeThat(Text.ofEach(ITEMS), hasItem("Buy milk")));
    }
}

sp-playwright/todo/FormTest.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.junit5.SerenityJUnit5Extension;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnStage;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.actors.PlaywrightCast;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.assertions.Ensure;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.Check;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.Click;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.Open;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.SelectFromOptions;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.WaitFor;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.questions.Checked;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.questions.SelectedOptionText;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.questions.Value;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;

import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.seeThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;

/** Playwright interactions and questions for forms. Selectors are Playwright selector strings. */
@ExtendWith(SerenityJUnit5Extension.class)
class FormTest {

    // A self-contained page, so the example runs without a network or a site
    static final String FORM_PAGE = "data:text/html,"
            + "<select id='country'><option value='us'>United States</option><option value='ca'>Canada</option></select>"
            + "<input type='checkbox' id='terms'><button id='submit'>Send</button>";

    @BeforeEach
    void setTheStage() {
        OnStage.setTheStage(new PlaywrightCast());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldFillInAForm() {
        var ana = OnStage.theActorCalled("Ana");
        ana.attemptsTo(
                Open.url(FORM_PAGE),
                SelectFromOptions.byVisibleText("Canada").from("#country"),   // also byValue(..), byIndex(..)
                Check.the("#terms"),                                          // Uncheck.checkbox(..) to clear
                WaitFor.selector("#submit"),
                Click.on("#submit"),
                Ensure.that("#country").hasValue("ca"),
                Ensure.that("#terms").isChecked());
        ana.should(
                seeThat(SelectedOptionText.of("#country"), equalTo("Canada")),
                seeThat(Value.of("#country"), equalTo("ca")),
                seeThat(Checked.of("#terms")));
    }
}

sp-playwright/todo/ListTest.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.junit5.SerenityJUnit5Extension;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnStage;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.actors.PlaywrightCast;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.assertions.Ensure;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.Open;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.interactions.WaitFor;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.playwright.questions.Text;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;

import java.util.List;

import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.seeThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;

/**
 * A selector used by WaitFor, Click, Ensure.hasText and Text.of must match exactly ONE element (Playwright's strict mode).
 * For a list, wait on the first row, count with hasCount, read all texts with Text.ofEach, or pick one with ">> nth=N".
 */
@ExtendWith(SerenityJUnit5Extension.class)
@DisplayName("Reading a list on a page")
class ListTest {

    static final String LIST_PAGE = "data:text/html,<table><tbody id='rows'>"
            + "<tr class='row'><td class='title'>Fluent Python</td></tr>"
            + "<tr class='row'><td class='title'>Clean Code</td></tr>"
            + "<tr class='row'><td class='title'>Refactoring</td></tr></tbody></table>";

    @BeforeEach
    void setTheStage() {
        OnStage.setTheStage(new PlaywrightCast());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("The rows of a list can be counted, read and picked by position")
    void rowsCanBeCountedReadAndPickedByPosition() {
        var ana = OnStage.theActorCalled("Ana");
        ana.attemptsTo(
                Open.url(LIST_PAGE),
                WaitFor.selector("#rows .row >> nth=0"),            // not "#rows .row": that matches 3 elements and fails
                Ensure.that("#rows .row").hasCount(3),              // hasCount is the check for "how many"
                Ensure.that("#rows .row >> nth=0 >> .title").hasText("Fluent Python"),
                Ensure.that("#rows .row >> nth=-1 >> .title").hasText("Refactoring"));
        ana.should(seeThat(Text.ofEach("#rows .title"), contains("Fluent Python", "Clean Code", "Refactoring")));
    }
}

sp-rest/api/UsersApi.java​

package api;

import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Performable;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Task;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.interactions.Get;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.interactions.Post;

public class UsersApi {
    public static Performable fetchUser(int id) {
        return Task.where("{0} fetches user " + id, Get.resource("/users/" + id));
    }

    public static Performable createPost(String title) {
        return Task.where("{0} creates a post titled " + title,
                Post.to("/posts").with(request -> request
                        .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
                        .body("{\"title\":\"" + title + "\",\"body\":\"text\",\"userId\":1}")));
    }
}

sp-rest/api/UsersApiTest.java​

package api;

import net.serenitybdd.junit5.SerenityJUnit5Extension;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Actor;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.abilities.CallAnApi;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.rest.questions.LastResponse;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;

import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.seeThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;

@ExtendWith(SerenityJUnit5Extension.class)
class UsersApiTest {

    Actor alice;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        alice = Actor.named("Alice").whoCan(CallAnApi.at("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"));
    }

    @Test
    void shouldFindUserOne() {
        alice.attemptsTo(UsersApi.fetchUser(1));
        alice.should(
                seeThat("the status code", actor -> LastResponse.received().answeredBy(actor).statusCode(), equalTo(200)),
                seeThat("the user name", actor -> LastResponse.received().answeredBy(actor).path("name"), equalTo("Leanne Graham")));
    }

    @Test
    void shouldCreateAPost() {
        alice.attemptsTo(UsersApi.createPost("Hello"));
        alice.should(seeThat("the status code", actor -> LastResponse.received().answeredBy(actor).statusCode(), equalTo(201)));
    }
}

cuke-sp/features/add_todo.feature​

Feature: Todo list

  Scenario: Adding a todo
    Given Toby has opened the todo app
    When Toby adds "Buy milk" to the list
    Then Toby should see "Buy milk" in the list

cuke-sp/todo/AddATodo.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Performable;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Task;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actions.Enter;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

public class AddATodo {
    public static Performable called(String item) {
        return Task.where("{0} adds a todo called " + item,
                Enter.theValue(item).into(TodoList.NEW_TODO).thenHit(Keys.ENTER));
    }
}

cuke-sp/todo/RunCucumberTests.java​

package todo;

import org.junit.platform.suite.api.ConfigurationParameter;
import org.junit.platform.suite.api.IncludeEngines;
import org.junit.platform.suite.api.SelectClasspathResource;
import org.junit.platform.suite.api.Suite;

import static io.cucumber.junit.platform.engine.Constants.GLUE_PROPERTY_NAME;
import static io.cucumber.junit.platform.engine.Constants.PLUGIN_PROPERTY_NAME;

@Suite
@IncludeEngines("cucumber")
@SelectClasspathResource("features")
@ConfigurationParameter(key = GLUE_PROPERTY_NAME, value = "todo")
@ConfigurationParameter(key = PLUGIN_PROPERTY_NAME, value = "net.serenitybdd.cucumber.core.plugin.SerenityReporterParallel,pretty")
public class RunCucumberTests {
}

cuke-sp/todo/TheTodos.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Question;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.questions.Text;

import java.util.Collection;

public class TheTodos {
    // Text.ofEach(..) is a Question<Collection<String>> - not List<String>
    public static Question<Collection<String>> displayed() {
        return Text.ofEach(TodoList.ITEMS);
    }
}

cuke-sp/todo/TodoList.java​

package todo;

import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.targets.Target;

public class TodoList {
    public static final Target NEW_TODO = Target.the("new todo field").locatedBy(".new-todo");
    public static final Target ITEMS = Target.the("todo items").locatedBy(".todo-list li label");
}

cuke-sp/todo/TodoStepDefinitions.java​

package todo;

import io.cucumber.java.Before;
import io.cucumber.java.ParameterType;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Given;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Then;
import io.cucumber.java.en.When;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.Actor;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actions.Open;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnStage;
import net.serenitybdd.screenplay.actors.OnlineCast;

import static net.serenitybdd.screenplay.GivenWhenThen.seeThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasItem;

public class TodoStepDefinitions {

    @Before
    public void setTheStage() {
        OnStage.setTheStage(new OnlineCast());
    }

    @ParameterType(".*")
    public Actor actor(String name) {
        return OnStage.theActorCalled(name);
    }

    @Given("{actor} has opened the todo app")
    public void opensTheApp(Actor actor) {
        actor.attemptsTo(Open.url("https://todo-app.serenity-js.org"));
    }

    @When("{actor} adds {string} to the list")
    public void addsATodo(Actor actor, String item) {
        actor.attemptsTo(AddATodo.called(item));
    }

    @Then("{actor} should see {string} in the list")
    public void seesTheTodo(Actor actor, String item) {
        actor.should(seeThat(TheTodos.displayed(), hasItem(item)));
    }
}